I always use gtf file and retrieve gene information. There isn’t a highly flexible tool to solve my demand. I modified the code from “https://github.com/Jverma/GFF-Parser”, thanks Jverma. This tool will be easier to use.

Usage

Basically, there are three parameters.

id: either transcript id or gene id.

attType: attribute defined in gtf file. E.g. feature (column 3), gene_name, exon_number, transcript_id in column 9

attValue: the attribute value you want to search for.

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>>> import sys
>>> from gtfParser import gtfParser

>>> gtf = gtfParser("example.gtf")

>>> # Get all exons in CDK7
>>> gtf.getRecordsByID("CDK7", "feature", "exon")

>>> # Get all features of transcript_id defined as "NM_001324069" in gene "CDK7"
>>> gtf.getRecordsByID("CDK7", "transcript_id", "NM_001324069")

>>> # Get start codon where feature was defined as "start_codon" in transcript "NM_001324069"
>>> gtf.getRecordsByID("NM_001324069", "feature", "start_codon")

>>> # Get a exon where its id is "NM_001324078.1" in "NM_001324078" transcript
>>> gtf.getRecordsByID("NM_001324078", "exon_id", "NM_001324078.1")

Example gtf

Here is an simple example of gtf file. You can use to test. A subset from refSeq.hg38.gtf.

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chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	transcript	69234886	69277430	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069";  gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69234886	69235041	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "1"; exon_id "NM_001324069.1"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69235394	69235453	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "2"; exon_id "NM_001324069.2"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69250745	69250831	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "3"; exon_id "NM_001324069.3"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69250829	69250831	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "3"; exon_id "NM_001324069.3"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69252418	69252451	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "4"; exon_id "NM_001324069.4"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69252418	69252451	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "4"; exon_id "NM_001324069.4"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69254602	69254669	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "5"; exon_id "NM_001324069.5"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69254602	69254669	.	+	2	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "5"; exon_id "NM_001324069.5"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69255460	69255528	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "6"; exon_id "NM_001324069.6"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69255460	69255528	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "6"; exon_id "NM_001324069.6"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69258043	69258153	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "7"; exon_id "NM_001324069.7"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69258043	69258153	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "7"; exon_id "NM_001324069.7"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69259818	69259936	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "8"; exon_id "NM_001324069.8"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69259818	69259936	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "8"; exon_id "NM_001324069.8"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69262205	69262304	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "9"; exon_id "NM_001324069.9"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69262205	69262304	.	+	1	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "9"; exon_id "NM_001324069.9"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69269207	69269293	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "10"; exon_id "NM_001324069.10"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69269207	69269293	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "10"; exon_id "NM_001324069.10"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69272892	69273041	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "11"; exon_id "NM_001324069.11"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69272892	69273041	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "11"; exon_id "NM_001324069.11"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69276543	69276690	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "12"; exon_id "NM_001324069.12"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69276543	69276690	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "12"; exon_id "NM_001324069.12"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69277107	69277430	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "13"; exon_id "NM_001324069.13"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69277107	69277132	.	+	2	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "13"; exon_id "NM_001324069.13"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	start_codon	69250829	69250831	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "3"; exon_id "NM_001324069.3"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	stop_codon	69277133	69277135	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324069"; exon_number "13"; exon_id "NM_001324069.13"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	transcript	69234886	69277430	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078";  gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69234886	69235041	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "1"; exon_id "NM_001324078.1"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69235394	69235453	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "2"; exon_id "NM_001324078.2"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69254602	69254667	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "3"; exon_id "NM_001324078.3"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69255460	69255528	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "4"; exon_id "NM_001324078.4"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69255511	69255528	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "4"; exon_id "NM_001324078.4"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69258043	69258153	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "5"; exon_id "NM_001324078.5"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69258043	69258153	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "5"; exon_id "NM_001324078.5"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69259818	69259936	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "6"; exon_id "NM_001324078.6"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69259818	69259936	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "6"; exon_id "NM_001324078.6"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69262205	69262304	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "7"; exon_id "NM_001324078.7"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69262205	69262304	.	+	1	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "7"; exon_id "NM_001324078.7"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69269207	69269293	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "8"; exon_id "NM_001324078.8"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69269207	69269293	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "8"; exon_id "NM_001324078.8"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69272892	69273041	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "9"; exon_id "NM_001324078.9"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69272892	69273041	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "9"; exon_id "NM_001324078.9"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69276543	69276690	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "10"; exon_id "NM_001324078.10"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69276543	69276690	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "10"; exon_id "NM_001324078.10"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	exon	69277107	69277430	.	+	.	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "11"; exon_id "NM_001324078.11"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	CDS	69277107	69277132	.	+	2	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "11"; exon_id "NM_001324078.11"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	start_codon	69255511	69255513	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "4"; exon_id "NM_001324078.4"; gene_name "CDK7";
chr5	hg38.refGene.ucsc	stop_codon	69277133	69277135	.	+	0	gene_id "CDK7"; transcript_id "NM_001324078"; exon_number "11"; exon_id "NM_001324078.11"; gene_name "CDK7";

My code

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#############################################################
###     Inspired by https://github.com/Jverma/GFF-Parser  ###
#############################################################

####################################################################
# >>> from gtfParser import gtfParser
# >>> gtf = gtfParser(input_file)
#
# >>> gtf.getRecordsByID("TTN", "feature", "exon")
# >>> gtf.getRecordsByID("TTN", "transcript_id", "NM_001367552")
# >>> gtf.getRecordsByID("NM_013416", "feature", "start_codon")
# >>> gtf.getRecordsByID("NR_024540", "exon_id", "NR_024540.5")
####################################################################

class gtfParser:
    def __init__(self, input_file):
        import sys
        self.data = {}
        self.dict = {}
        self.gene_attributes_dict = {} # ZZX
        self.transcriptID_geneID_dict = {} # ZZX

        sys.stderr.write("#####################\nParsing reference gtf file: " +
                         input_file +
                         '\n#####################\n')

        for line in open(input_file):
            if line.startswith("#"): continue
            record = line.strip().split("\t")
            sequence_name = record[0]
            source = record[1]
            feature = record[2]
            start = int(record[3])
            end = int(record[4])
            if (record[5] != '.'):
                score = record[5]
            else:
                score = None
            strand = record[6]
            if (record[7] != '.'):
                frame = record[7]
            else:
                frame = None
            attributes = record[8].split(';') # please note the separator between each attribute
            attributes = [x.strip() for x in attributes[0:-1]] # ZZX
            attributes = {x.split(' ')[0]: x.split(' ')[1].strip("\"") for x in attributes if " " in x} # ZZX

            if not (sequence_name in self.data): self.data[sequence_name] = []
            alpha = {'source': source, 'feature': feature, 'start': start, 'end': end, 'score': score, 'strand': strand,
                     'frame': frame}
            # python 3 .items(), python 2 .iteritems() ZZX
            for k, v in attributes.items(): alpha[k] = v
            self.data[sequence_name].append(alpha)

        # ZZX
        for k, v in self.data.items():
            for alpha in v:
                gene_id = alpha["gene_id"]
                transcript_id = alpha["transcript_id"]

                self.transcriptID_geneID_dict[transcript_id] = gene_id
                if gene_id in self.gene_attributes_dict.keys():
                    self.gene_attributes_dict[gene_id].append(alpha)
                else:
                    self.gene_attributes_dict[gene_id] = list()
                    self.gene_attributes_dict[gene_id].append(alpha)


    def getRecordsByID(self, id, attType, attValue):
        """
        Gets all the features for a given gene


        :param id: Identifier of the gene (specified by gene_id) or mRNA (specified by transcript_id)
        :param attType: Any attribute list in gtf file.
        :param attValue:
        :return: A list of features related to ID where restricted by attType and attValue.
        """

        att_list = []
        if id in self.gene_attributes_dict.keys():
            for x in self.gene_attributes_dict[id]:
                if ( attType in x.keys() and  x[attType] == attValue ):
                    att_info = x
                    att_list.append(att_info)
        elif id in self.transcriptID_geneID_dict.keys():
            for x in self.gene_attributes_dict[self.transcriptID_geneID_dict[id]]:
                if ( attType in x.keys() and  x[attType] == attValue and x["transcript_id"] == id):
                    att_info = x
                    att_list.append(att_info)
        else:
            sys.stderr.write("Could not find ID "+id+'\n')
            sys.exit(1)
        return att_list

Code available in GitHub:

https://github.com/ProfessionalFarmer/lake/blob/master/gtfParser.py

#####################################################################

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#Author: Jason

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